YAYLA Sünger & Malzemecilik

Foam and Spring Glossary

Definitions of the trade's terms

This glossary defines the terms used in the foam and mattress spring trade. In an industry where the same material goes by different names from market to market, knowing what a term means is the first step in comparing two quotations. Terms are grouped under materials, density, springs, felt and trade.

Materials

Foam: Foam is the general name for flexible polyurethane material with a cellular structure. It is used as filling and as a comfort layer in mattress, furniture and packaging production.
Polyurethane (PU): Polyurethane is the polymer foam is made from. Flexible polyurethane foam is the raw material behind every mattress and furniture foam; rigid polyurethane is a separate material used in insulation panels.
Rebonded Foam: Rebonded foam is a high-density material produced by mixing reclaimed foam pieces with a binder and pressing them under high pressure and heat. It is made as a block and sliced to the required thickness.; Also known as: bonded foam, chipfoam, reconstituted foam; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Bondex: Bondex is the trade name rebonded foam is commonly sold under in the Turkish market. It is not a separate material: what is meant by bondex is pressed reclaimed foam.; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Granür (Granulated Foam): Granür is another market name for rebonded foam, describing the pressed foam granules it is made of. The coloured particles visible in a cut section show that the material is built from reclaimed foam pieces.; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Roll Foam: Roll foam is foam sliced thin and wound into a roll. It is typically used at 0.8–1.2 cm thickness and is preferred in upholstery and lamination work because it is easy to cut to size.; Product page: Roll Foam
Block Foam: Block foam is foam in its large moulded form, before slicing. A buyer with their own cutting line takes the block; otherwise it ships as sheets cut to size.
Sheet / Slab: A sheet is the flat piece obtained by slicing a foam block horizontally. Thickness, width and length are set to the buyer's dimensions.
HR Foam (High Resilience): HR foam is flexible polyurethane formulated for an irregular cell structure and a fast recovery rate. Unlike rebonded foam it is not pressed, but blown directly.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.
Memory Foam (Viscoelastic): Memory foam is viscoelastic polyurethane that returns to shape slowly once load is removed. It is temperature-sensitive and is not in the same material class as rebonded foam.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.
Latex: Latex is an elastic filling material made from natural or synthetic rubber. It is not polyurethane foam: both the raw material and the production method are different.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.
Acoustic Foam: Acoustic foam is the name for foam panels profiled — pyramid or egg-crate — for sound absorption. A profiled acoustic panel and the plain foam sheet used inside sound insulation are different products.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.

Density and Hardness

DNS (Density Grade): DNS is the grade number stating a foam's density in kilograms per cubic metre. DNS 50 means roughly 50 kg/m³; the higher the number, the heavier and more load-bearing the material.; Also known as: density grade, kg/m³ grade
Density: Density is how much material sits in a given volume, expressed in kg/m³. It is the property that governs a foam's service life and its resistance to permanent deformation.
Hardness: Hardness measures the resistance a foam offers when compressed, and it is a property independent of density. Two foams of the same density can differ in hardness, so a density figure alone does not describe comfort.
RG (Raumgewicht): RG is the abbreviation used for density in German-speaking markets, and it expresses the same quantity as DNS does in Turkey. RG 50 and DNS 50 both mean roughly 50 kg/m³.
Compression Set: Compression set is a foam's failure to return to its original thickness after a long period under load. It appears earlier in lower-density material.

Springs

Pocket Spring: A pocket spring unit is one in which every coil is enclosed in its own fabric pocket and joined to its neighbours. Because the coils move independently, pressure at one point does not drag the surrounding springs with it.; Also known as: pocketed coil, encased coil, individually wrapped spring; Product page: Pocket Spring
Coil Count: Coil count is the total number of springs across a standard double mattress surface. As the count rises the springs get thinner and sit closer together, which lets the unit follow body contours in smaller steps.; Product page: Pocket Spring
Bonnell Spring: A Bonnell unit is the classic construction in which hourglass-shaped coils are tied together by helical wires top and bottom. Because the coils are linked, movement at one point carries to its neighbours — that is what separates it from a pocket spring unit.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.
Zigzag Spring (Sinuous): A zigzag spring is a flat wire bent into a serpentine shape, used across seat frames in sofas and armchairs. It has nothing to do with mattress spring units — it is a furniture support element.; YAYLA neither manufactures nor supplies this product. The term is defined here because buyers researching the category meet it.
Wire Gauge: Wire gauge is the thickness in millimetres of the steel wire a spring is coiled from. Thicker wire gives a firmer spring, and together with coil count it sets the unit's support character.; Product page: Pocket Spring
Spring Height: Spring height is the uncompressed height of the spring unit, and it is the main component setting a mattress's overall thickness. Together with the comfort layers above it, it produces the finished mattress height.; Product page: Pocket Spring
Roll-Packing: Roll-packing means shipping a spring unit vacuum-compressed and wound into a roll. Far more units fit in the same vehicle, which cuts export freight cost markedly.; Product page: Pocket Spring

Felt and Fibre

Felt: Felt is a fabric formed by mechanically interlocking fibres rather than weaving them. In mattress production it sits between the spring unit and the foam layer as a separator and load spreader.; Product page: Felt
Thermobonded Felt (Termowat): Thermobonded felt is felt whose fibres are bonded by heat. The thermal bond holds its shape without adhesive and gives a cleaner cut edge than needle-punched felt.; Also known as: termovat felt, thermowat felt, thermally bonded felt; Product page: Felt
Fibre: Fibre is the fine filament material felt is made from. Mattress and furniture felts predominantly use reclaimed textile fibre.

Production and Trade

Manufactured: Manufactured is the label this site uses for products YAYLA makes in its own plant. Rebonded foam and pocket springs fall under it.
Sourced: Sourced is the label this site uses for products YAYLA supplies rather than manufactures. Felt and roll foam fall under it.
Wholesale: Wholesale means selling to a manufacturer or reseller in volume rather than to an end user. YAYLA works with business buyers only and does not sell retail.
Contract Manufacturing (OEM): Contract manufacturing is producing to dimensions and specifications the buyer sets. The product is sold under the buyer's brand while production happens at the supplier's plant.
Pressing: Pressing is the step in which foam pieces are compacted in a mould under pressure and steam until they become a single block. The density of rebonded foam is set by the compaction ratio applied here.; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Binder: The binder is the adhesive that holds foam pieces together in rebond production. Distributing it evenly through the mix is what makes the density uniform across the whole block.; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Reclamation: Reclamation is collecting the foam offcuts that cutting and upholstery work leave behind and turning them back into material. It is the principle rebonded foam production rests on.; Product page: Rebonded Foam
Cutting to Size: Cutting to size is trimming block material to the width, length and thickness the buyer asks for. Where the buyer has no cutting line of their own, the material ships ready-dimensioned.
Lamination: Lamination is bonding a thin foam layer to fabric or another surface. Roll foam is used this way to give upholstery fabrics body and softness.
Business-to-Business (B2B): B2B is trade in which the sale is made to another business rather than to an end consumer. That is YAYLA's operating model throughout.
Production Capacity: Production capacity is the maximum a plant can produce in a given period. In foam production it is usually expressed in cubic metres per day.